Uterine fibroids are one of the most common gynecological conditions, yet many women are unaware they have them—or don’t fully understand what they are. Whether you’ve been recently diagnosed or are just curious about what fibroids could mean for your health, it’s important to have clear, accurate information.
Fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often develop during a woman’s reproductive years. While they are generally benign and not life-threatening, they can cause a variety of symptoms that affect physical comfort, menstrual health, fertility, and overall quality of life. The good news is: fibroids are manageable, and many women live healthy, active lives with them.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are benign (noncancerous) tumors that form in the muscular tissue of the uterus. They can range in size—from very small (like a seed) to large enough to distort the shape of the uterus.
Fibroids are most common during a woman’s 30s and 40s but can occur at any age. Many women may have fibroids without experiencing any symptoms, while others may notice discomfort or health changes that prompt medical attention.
What Causes Fibroids?
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, but research points to several contributing factors:
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Hormonal influence – Estrogen and progesterone promote the growth of fibroids.
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Genetics – A family history of fibroids increases your risk.
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Race – Fibroids are more common and often more severe in Black women.
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Other factors – Early onset of menstruation, obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and poor diet may also play a role.
Common Symptoms
Not all fibroids cause symptoms, but when they do, the effects can vary in severity. Some of the most common include:
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Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
May include large clots or cycles that last longer than usual, sometimes leading to anemia. -
Pelvic pain or pressure
A sense of fullness or discomfort in the lower abdomen, especially if fibroids are large. -
Frequent urination
Caused by pressure on the bladder, leading to the need to urinate often or urgently. -
Constipation
If fibroids press on the rectum, they may slow down bowel movements. -
Pain during intercourse
Certain fibroid locations may cause discomfort during or after sex. -
Lower back or leg pain
Larger fibroids may put pressure on nerves, causing pain in the back or legs. -
Fertility issues
While many women with fibroids conceive naturally, some may experience difficulty getting pregnant or maintaining a pregnancy.
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
Fibroids are often detected during a routine pelvic exam. If your doctor suspects fibroids, they may recommend imaging tests such as:
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Ultrasound – A non-invasive test to view the uterus and measure fibroids.
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MRI – Offers a more detailed picture, especially helpful for surgical planning.
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Hysterosonography or hysteroscopy – Used to examine the inside of the uterus when submucosal fibroids are suspected.
Lifestyle Changes That May Help
While lifestyle changes may not eliminate fibroids, they can support overall hormonal balance and potentially reduce symptoms or slow growth. Here are some helpful strategies:
🥦 1. Maintain a Healthy Diet
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Focus on whole foods rich in fiber, like leafy greens, fruits, whole grains, and legumes.
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Reduce red meat and processed foods, which may be linked to fibroid growth.
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Add anti-inflammatory foods like berries, turmeric, and fatty fish.
🧘♀️ 2. Manage Stress
Chronic stress can affect hormone levels. Consider:
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Yoga or meditation
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Pranayama
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Regular, relaxing activities
🏃♀️ 3. Exercise Regularly
Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days. Exercise can:
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Help maintain a healthy weight
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Reduce estrogen levels
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Improve circulation and energy
☀️ 4. Get Enough Vitamin D
Low levels of vitamin D have been linked to fibroid growth. Spend time in the sun (safely), and consider foods or supplements rich in vitamin D.
🚭 5. Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol
Both can disrupt hormone balance and contribute to inflammation in the body.
